Atomic Number 7

Atomic Number 78
Atomic Number 9

The Element Nitrogen

N I Ground State 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 4 S° 3 / 2 Ionization energy 117225.7 cm-1 (14.5341 eV) Ref. M75a N II Ground State 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 3 P 0 Ionization energy 238750.3 cm-1 (29.6013 eV) Ref. Atomic number of an element never changes: for example, the atomic number of oxygen is always 8, and the atomic number of Chlorine is always 18. The atomic number is marked with the symbol Z, taken from a German word zahl (or atomzahl, which is 'atomic number' in German).

[Click for Isotope Data]

Atomic Number: 7

Atomic Weight: 14.00674

Melting Point: 63.15 K (-210.00°C or -346.00°F)

Boiling Point: 77.36 K (-195.79°C or -320.44°F)

Density: 0.0012506 grams per cubic centimeter

Phase at Room Temperature: Gas

Element Classification: Non-metal

Period Number: 2

Group Number: 15

Group Name: Pnictogen

What's in a name? From the Greek words nitron and genes, which together mean 'saltpetre forming.'

Say what? Nitrogen is pronounced as NYE-treh-gen.

Atomic Number 78

History and Uses:

Nitrogen was discovered by the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. It is the fifth most abundant element in the universe and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere, which contains an estimated 4,000 trillion tons of the gas. Nitrogen is obtained from liquefied air through a process known as fractional distillation.

The largest use of nitrogen is for the production of ammonia (NH₃). Large amounts of nitrogen are combined with hydrogen to produce ammonia in a method known as the Haber process. Large amounts of ammonia are then used to create fertilizers, explosives and, through a process known as the Ostwald process, nitric acid (HNO₃).

Nitrogen gas is largely inert and is used as a protective shield in the semiconductor industry and during certain types of welding and soldering operations. Oil companies use high pressure nitrogen to help force crude oil to the surface. Liquid nitrogen is an inexpensive cryogenic liquid used for refrigeration, preservation of biological samples and for low temperature scientific experimentation. Jefferson Lab's Frostbite Theater features videos of many basic liquid nitrogen experiments, such as this one:

Estimated Crustal Abundance: 1.9×10¹ milligrams per kilogram

Estimated Oceanic Abundance: 5×10^-1 milligrams per liter

Number of Stable Isotopes: 2 (View all isotope data)

Ionization Energy: 14.534 eV

Oxidation States: +5, +4, +3, +2, +1, -1, -2, -3

Electron Shell Configuration:	1s²
2s² 2p³

For questions about this page, please contact Steve Gagnon.

The elements of the periodic table sorted by atomic number

click on any elements name for further chemical properties, environmental data or health effects.

This list contains the 118 elements of chemistry.

The chemical elements of the periodic chart sorted by:	Atomic number	Name chemical element	Symbol
- Name alphabetically	1	Hydrogen	H
- Atomic number	2	Helium	He
- Symbol	3	Lithium	Li
- Atomic Mass	4	Beryllium	Be
- Electronegativity	5	Boron	B
- Density	6	Carbon	C
- Melting point	7	Nitrogen	N
- Boiling point	8	Oxygen	O
- Vanderwaals radius	9	Fluorine	F
- Year of discovery	10	Neon	Ne
- Inventor surname	11	Sodium	Na
- Elements in earthcrust	12	Magnesium	Mg
- Elements in human body	13	Aluminum	Al
- Covalenz radius	14	Silicon	Si
- Ionization energy	15	Phosphorus	P
For chemistry students and teachers: The tabular chart on the right is arranged by Atomic number. The first chemical element is Hydrogen and the last is Ununoctium. Please note that the elements do not show their natural relation towards each other as in the Periodic system. There you can find the metals, semi-conductor(s), non-metal(s), inert noble gas(ses), Halogens, Lanthanoides, Actinoids (rare earth elements) and transition metals.	16	Sulfur	S
	17	Chlorine	Cl
	18	Argon	Ar
	19	Potassium	K
	20	Calcium	Ca
	21	Scandium	Sc
	22	Titanium	Ti
	23	Vanadium	V
	24	Chromium	Cr
	25	Manganese	Mn
	26	Iron	Fe
	27	Cobalt	Co
	28	Nickel	Ni
	29	Copper	Cu
	30	Zinc	Zn
	31	Gallium	Ga
	32	Germanium	Ge
	33	Arsenic	As
	34	Selenium	Se
	35	Bromine	Br
	36	Krypton	Kr
37	Rubidium	Rb
38	Strontium	Sr
39	Yttrium	Y
40	Zirconium	Zr
41	Niobium	Nb
42	Molybdenum	Mo
43	Technetium	Tc
44	Ruthenium	Ru
45	Rhodium	Rh
46	Palladium	Pd
47	Silver	Ag
48	Cadmium	Cd
49	Indium	In
50	Tin	Sn
51	Antimony	Sb
52	Tellurium	Te
53	Iodine	I
54	Xenon	Xe
55	Cesium	Cs
56	Barium	Ba
57	Lanthanum	La
58	Cerium	Ce
59	Praseodymium	Pr
60	Neodymium	Nd
61	Promethium	Pm
62	Samarium	Sm
63	Europium	Eu
64	Gadolinium	Gd
65	Terbium	Tb
66	Dysprosium	Dy
67	Holmium	Ho
68	Erbium	Er
69	Thulium	Tm
70	Ytterbium	Yb
71	Lutetium	Lu
72	Hafnium	Hf
73	Tantalum	Ta
74	Tungsten	W
75	Rhenium	Re
76	Osmium	Os
77	Iridium	Ir
78	Platinum	Pt
79	Gold	Au
80	Mercury	Hg
81	Thallium	Tl
82	Lead	Pb
83	Bismuth	Bi
84	Polonium	Po
85	Astatine	At
86	Radon	Rn
87	Francium	Fr
88	Radium	Ra
89	Actinium	Ac
90	Thorium	Th
91	Protactinium	Pa
92	Uranium	U
93	Neptunium	Np
94	Plutonium	Pu
95	Americium	Am
96	Curium	Cm
97	Berkelium	Bk
98	Californium	Cf
99	Einsteinium	Es
100	Fermium	Fm
101	Mendelevium	Md
102	Nobelium	No
103	Lawrencium	Lr
104	Rutherfordium	Rf
105	Dubnium	Db
106	Seaborgium	Sg
107	Bohrium	Bh
108	Hassium	Hs
109	Meitnerium	Mt
110	Darmstadtium	Ds
111	Roentgenium	Rg
112	Copernicium	Cn
113	Nihonium	Nh
114	Flerovium	Fl
115	Moscovium	Mc
116	Livermorium	Lv
117	Tennessine	Ts
118	Oganesson	Og

Click here: for a schematic overview of the periodic table of elements in chart form

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Please report any accidental mistake in the above statistics on chemical elements

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The Element Nitrogen

Atomic Number 78

The elements of the periodic table sorted by atomic number

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Atomic Number 9